Science in (Al-Qur'an)
>He is the Originator of the heavens and the earth. (Qur'an 6:101) "Do not they not see that the heavens and the Earth were once one mass, then We rent them apart?" (Qur'an 21:30) "And it is We who have constructed the heaven with might, and verily, it is We who are steadily expanding it." (Qur'an 51:47) "Do not the Unbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were joined together (as one unit of creation), before We clove them asunder, and We made from water every living thing. Will they not then believe?" (Qur'an 21:30) "and the heavens we created with might (power) and we are expanding it." (Qur'an 51:47) |
The Big BangThe overall Big Bang theory states that the universe started from anincredibly dense
singularity that exploded. All matter, light and energy came from that explosion. The size of the universe increases as everything expands from this explosion. The theory is that of an expanding universe, meaning that the universe as a whole is expanding, instead of a static universe meaning that matter is expanding into a statically sized space. |
>That Day We will fold up heaven like folding up the pages of a book. As We originated the first creation so We will regenerate it. It is a promise binding on Us. That is what We will do. (Qur'an 21:104) They do not measure Allah with His true measure. The whole earth will be a mere handful for Him on the Day of Rising the heavens folded up in His right hand. Glory be to Him! He is exalted above the partners they ascribe! (Qur'an 39:67) |
The Big Crunch
To put matters into perspective, think of it this way: the Big Bang Theory suggests that the universe is still expanding even up to this very moment and is doing so at a continuously accelerating pace. Astronomers assume that this is being aided by a cosmos-wide “scalar field” that forces everything away from the original point of the Big Bang. The repulsion, experts think, is the same in magnitude across space - much similar to the way water ripples form and expand. However, some experts also believe that there will come a time when the whole universe
will reach a saturation point. This is when the gravity being exerted by all the matter in the universe exceeds the energy of the said scalar field. When this transpires, expansion will stop altogether and the whole process will reverse until everything is condensed once again in a massive black hole of singularity. In short, astronomers believe that the universe will eventually collapse on itself until nothing is left. |
>Then He turned to Heaven when it was smoke, and said to it and to Earth: “Come willingly or unwillingly.” They said: “We come willingly” (Qur'an 41:11) “With power and skill did We construct the Firmament: For it is We Who create the vastness of Space.” (Qur’an 51:47) “Moreover, He Comprehended in His design the sky, and it had been (as) smoke: He said to it and to the earth: ‘Come ye together, willingly or unwillingly.’ They said: ‘We do come (together), in willing obedience.’” (Qur’an 41:11) "When the sky is torn apart, so it was (like) a red rose, like ointment." (Qur'an 55:37) |
Nebula
A nebula (from Latin: "mist" [1]; pl. nebulae or nebulæ, with ligature or nebulas) is an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen gas and plasma. It is the first stage of a star's cycle. Nebulae often form star-forming regions, such as in the Eagle Nebula. This nebula is depicted in one of NASA's most famous images, the "Pillars of Creation". In
these regions the formations of gas, dust and other materials 'clump' together to form larger masses, which attract further matter, and eventually will become big enough to form stars. The remaining materials are then believed to form planets, and other planetary system objects.
Some nebulae are formed as the result of supernova explosions, the death throes of
massive, short-lived stars. The material thrown off from the supernova explosion is ionised by the supernova remnant. One of the best examples of this is the Crab Nebula, in Taurus. It is the result of a recorded supernova, SN 1054, in the year 1054 and at the centre of the nebula is a neutron star, created during the explosion. The Cat's Eye Nebula; an example of a planetary nebula.
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>"It is He Who created the night and the day, and the sun and the moon. They swim along, each in an orbit. " (Qur'an 21:33) “It is He Who created the Night and the Day, and the sun and the moon: All (the celestial bodies) swim along, each in its rounded course.” (Qur’an 21:33) "He has ordained the sun and the moon, each one runs (it's course) for an appointed time." (Qur'an 13:2) “It is not permitted to the Sun to catch up the Moon, nor can the Night outstrip the Day: Each (just) swims along in (its own) orbit (according to Law).” (Qur’an 36:40) "The sun and the moon follow courses precisely computed" (Qur'an 55:5) |
Orbits Of The Stars and Planets
The sun is one of hundreds of billions of stars in our galaxy, the Milky Way. The galaxy is
composed of gaseous interstellar medium, neutral or ionized, sometimes concentrated into dense gas clouds made up of atoms molecules, and dust. All of the matter -- gas, dust, and stars -- rotate around a central axis perpendicular to the galactic plane. The centrifugal force caused by the rotation balances out the gravitational force, which draw all the matter toward the centre. All stars in the galaxy rotate around a galactic centre but not with the same period. Stars at the
centre have a shorter period than those farther out. The Sun is located in the outer partof the galaxy. The speed of the solar system due to the galactic rotation is about 220 km/s. he disk of stars in the Milky Way is about 100,000 light years across and the sun is located about 30,000 light years from the galaxy's center. Based on a distance of 30,000 light years and a speed of 220 km/s, the Sun's orbit around the centre of the Milky Way once every 225 million years. The period of time is called a cosmic year. The Sun has orbited the galaxy, more than 20 times during its 5 billion year lifetime. The motions of the period are studied by measuring the positions of lines in the galaxy spectra. |
>"And We have made the heaven a roof, safe and well guarded. Yet they turn away from its signs." (Qur'an 21:32) |
Earth's Protective Magnetic Field
While the earth’s magnetic field allows compasses on earth to work,
it has a much more vital function. It acts as a shield, protecting the earth from solar particles emissions from the sun. These solar particles are constantly generated, streaming out from the sun in all directions. During solar flares, huge amounts of these particles are generated, creating vast clouds of highly energetic particles that race toward earth at speeds up to 1000km per second. The clouds of particles approach Earth and are deflected away by Earths magnetic field. If these rays were not deflected, life on earth (if it existed) would be radically different. The rays are deflected away from the earth. Once the rays have passed by the Earth,
some of them move back along the lines of magnetic force to the north and south poles. When the cosmic rays strike the upper regions of the atmosphere, the Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights) or Aurora Australis (Southern Lights) are formed. The planets that have magnetic fields around them have their own form of the Aurora Borealis |
>"By the heavens, and At-Târiq (one who knocks at night); And what will make you to know what At-Târiq is? (It is) the star of piercing (brightness)" (Qur'an 86:1-3) |
PulsarsIn recent times scientists have discovered the existence of
pulsars. Pulsars are highly magnetized, rotating neutron stars that emit beams of radiation. Their radiation can only be observed when the beam of emission is pointing straight towards the Earth. This lighthouse effect causes an observed pulsed nature that gives pulsars their name. The first pulsar was observed on November 28, 1967. Pulsars make sounds like a hammer or knock, when observed using a radio telescope and the radiations they emit can penetrate and puncture anything, including the earth |
>“Have We not made the earth as a wide expanse and the mountains as pegs?” (Qur’an 78:6-7) |
The Mountains as PegsGeologists tell us that the radius of the Earth is about 6,035 km and the crust on which we live is very
thin, ranging from 2 to 35 km. Since the crust is thin, it has a high possibility of shaking. Mountains act like stakes or tent pegs that hold the earth’s crust and give it stability. The surface of the earth is broken into many rigid plates that are about 100 km in
thickness. These plates float on a partially molten region called aesthenosphere. Mountain formations occur at the boundary of the plates. The earth’s crust is 5 km thick below oceans, about 35 km thick below flat continental surfaces and almost 80 km thick below great mountain ranges. These are the strong foundations on which mountains stand |
>“And we have made the earth egg shaped”. (lit.trans: ostrich egg) (Qur’an 79:30) |
The Egg Shaped EarthAs countless photos from space can attest, Earth is round—the "Blue Marble," as astronauts
have affectionately dubbed it. Appearances, however, can be deceiving. Planet Earth is not, in fact, perfectly round. This is not to say Earth is flat. Well before Columbus sailed the ocean blue, Aristotle and other ancient Greek scholars proposed that Earth was round. This was based on a number of observations, such as the fact that departing ships not only appeared smaller as they sailed away but also seemed to sink into the horizon, as one might expect if sailing across a ball says geographer Bill Carstensen of Virginia Tech in Blacksburg. Isaac Newton (1643-1727) first proposed that Earth was not perfectly round. Instead, he suggested it was an oblate
spheroid—a sphere that is squashed at its poles and swollen at the equator. The shape similar to an ostrich egg. He was correct and, because of this bulge, the distance from Earth's centre to sea level is roughly 21 kilometres (13 miles) greater at the equator than at the poles. |
>"We sent aforetime our messengers with clear signs and sent down with them the book and the balance (of right and wrong), that men may stand forth in justice; and we sent down iron, in which is great might, as well as many benefits for mankind, that Allah may test who it is that will help, unseen, him and his messengers: for Allah is full of strength, exalted in might" (Qur'an 57:25) |
The Descent Of Iron |
>“And the Sun runs its course for a period determined for it; that is the decree of (Him) the exalted in Might, the All-Knowing.” (Qur’an 36:38) "…as if it were a brilliant star……..whose oil (fuel) is well lit, even no fire touches it." (Qur'an 24:35) "when stars lose their lustre" (Qur'an 77:8 ) "He has ordained the sun and the moon, each one runs (it's course) for an appointed time." (Qur'an 13:2) "When the sun is rounded (swelling like a ball)" "When the stars have collapsed" "When the oceans boil over in a swell" (Qur'an 81:6) |
The Sun |
>“The Unbelievers say, ‘Never to us will come The Hour’: say, ‘Nay! but most surely, by my Lord, it will come upon you by Him Who knows the unseen – from Whom is not hidden the least little atom in the Heavens or on earth: nor is there anything less than that, or greater, but is in the Record Perspicuous.’” (Qur’an 34:3) |
The Atom |
>“Seest thou not that Allah sends down rain from the sky, and leads it through springs in the earth? then He causes to grow, therewith, produce of various colours.” (Qur’an 39:21) “By the Firmament which returns (in its round),” (Qur’an 86:11) “He sends down rain from the sky and with it gives life to the earth after it is dead: Verily in that are Signs for those who are wise.” (Qur’an 30:24) “And We send down water from the sky according to (due) measure, and We cause it to soak in the soil; and We certainly are able to drain it off (with ease).” (Qur’an 23:18) “And We send the fecundating winds, then cause the rain to descend from the sky, therewith providing you with water (in abundance).” (Qur’an 15:22) “Seest thou not that Allah makes the clouds move gently, then joins them together, then makes them into a heap?– then wilt thou see rain issue forth from their midst. And He sends down from the skymountain masses (of clouds) wherein is hail: He strikes therewith whom He pleases and He turns it away from whom He pleases. the vivid flash of His lightning well-nigh blinds the sight.” (Qur’an 24:43) “It is Allah Who sends the Winds, and they raise the Clouds: then does He spread them in the sky as He wills, and break them into fragments, until thou seest raindrops issue from the midst thereof: then when He has made them reach such of His servants as He wills, behold, they do rejoice!” (Qur’an 30:48) |
The Water Cycle |
>“He has let free the two bodies of flowing water, meeting together: Between them is a Barrier which they do not transgress.” (Qur’an 55:19-20) “And made a separating bar between the two bodies of flowing water?” (Qur’an 27:61) “It is He Who has let free the two bodies of flowing water: one palatable and sweet, and the other salty and bitter; yet has He made a barrier between them, and a partition that is forbidden to be passed. (Qur’an 25:53) |
Water Barriers |
>“Or (the Unbelievers’ state) is like the depths of darkness in a vast deep ocean, overwhelmed with billow topped by billow, topped by (dark) clouds: depths of darkness, one above another: if a man stretches out his hand, he can hardly see it! For any to whom Allah giveth not light, there is no light!” (Qur’an 24:40) |
The OceanThe internal waves cover the deep waters of seas and oceans because the deep waters have a
higher density than the waters above them. Internal waves act like surface waves. They can also break, just like surface waves. Internal waves cannot be seen by the human eye, but they can be detected by studying temperature or salinity changes at a given location. A light ray is composed of seven colours. These seven colours are Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green,
Yellow, Orange and Red (VIBGYOR). The light ray undergoes refraction when it hits water. The upper 10 to 15 metres of water absorb the red colour. Therefore if a diver is 25 metres under water and gets wounded, he would not be able to see the red colour of his blood, because the red colour does not reach this depth. Similarly orange rays are absorbed at 30 to 50 metres, yellow at 50 to 100 metres, green at 100 to 200 metres, and finally, blue beyond 200 metres and violet and indigo above 200 metres. Due to successive disappearance of colour, one layer after another, the ocean progressively becomes darker, i.e. darkness takes place in layers of light. Below a depth of 1000 metres there is complete darkness.{Oceans, Elder and Pernetta, p.27} The sun's rays are absorbed by clouds which in turn scatter light rays thus causing a layer of
darkness under the clouds. This is the first layer of darkness. When light rays reach the surface of the ocean they are reflected by the wave surface giving it a shiny appearance. Therefore it is the waves which reflect light and cause darkness. The unreflected light penetrates into the depths of the ocean. Therefore the ocean has two parts. The surface characterized by light and warmth and the depth characterized by darkness. The surface is further separated from the deep part of the ocean by waves. The internal waves cover the deep waters of seas and oceans because the deep waters have a higher density than the waters above them. The darkness begins below the internal waves. Even the fish in the depths of the ocean cannot see; their only source of light is from their own bodies. |